JOTinstrux17-D6
=== 17.03.31


INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE 1986 VERSION OF JOT(trademark)
 -- now emulating at the Internet Archive, where you can try it


By Steve Witham, programmer, with editorial clarifications by Ted Nelson.
  ==> Note: "JOT" is a claimed trademark of Project Xanadu.
 The trademark was for a while stolen by Silicon Graphics for their text editor,
 and you know what happened to THEM.  (There appear to be other products
 in the marketplace also claiming this name.)
 ==> Note: "Ted Nelson's JOT" is a claimed trademark of Project Xanadu,
 which nobody else can have.
 ==>  Special thanks to Jason Scott for getting this working at the Archive.


Ted Nelson's JOT is a keystroke word processor, utterly different from any other.  

There are some people who love it, believing it to be the simplest word processor to use.  Some would use the word "intuitive". The original design goal was"creamy smooth", and some say it was.

When JOT was designed, there were no--
 - word processors [except Datatext, for remote use from IBM]
 - personal computers [except the LINC, not for sale]
 - computer keybards with lower case
 - visual displays, except on very expensive machines
 - pointing devices for visual displays, except on very expensive machines [including the prototype mouse at Engelbart's lab]

JOT was designed in 1970-71 for what might have been the first stand-alone word processor, except our backer pulled out.  This 1986 version is the fourth implementation of JOT to be programmed, and the only one that has survived.  It was programmed in Forth by Steve Witham for the Apple II.  It was originally specified in the Lollipop language.  (For a brief description of Lollipop language, see xanadu.com/lollipop.pdf)  

UNIQUE FEATURES of JOT

1.  You step by units: one word, sentene or paragraph at a time, using the space bar.
2.  Capitalization of sentences is automatic, anticipating constant rearrangement.
3.  It captures lower case, even with an all-caps keyboard.
4.  Your cursor is either between words, between sentences, or between paragraphs; UNLESS you are
 - in the process of typing a word
 - in the process of ending a sentence

It may be opened in Firefox or Chrome at
archive.org/stream/jot_0.53_ted_nelson/JOT0.53.dsk?module=apple2e&scale=1

==> NOTE: RUNNING THIS PROGRAM QUICKLY OVERHEATS MY MACBOOK AIR. -- TN

NOTE: NOT ALL OF THE FOLLOWING OPERATIONS HAVE BEEN TESTED ON THE EMULATION AT THIS SITE, and keystrokes other than those listed are likely to crash the system.  Sorry.


=== === === OPERATIONS IN BRIEF
Insert: Just type

go forward one unit
go back one larger unit
change levels (to next size of unit, going in a circle: word, sentence, paragraph, word ...)

delete one unit [just in this version]
spit out the last-deleted unit [just in this version]


=== === DETAILED DIRECTIONS

=== STEP

Spacebar steps the cursor one unit (word, sentence or paragraph, depending on your current level).

=== INSERTION

Simply typing begins an insertion.  

   ==> NOTE: while you are typing a word, the cursor has a "<" in it.  The previous character may be deleted with "/".

   ==>  AUTOMATIC CAPITALIZATION TRICKS.  If there is a sentence following, JOT assumes you are typing a new beginning for that sentence, and decapitalizes the previous first word-- UNLESS you finish your input by ending a sentence, in which case the previous first word is REcapitalized.


=== DELETION (also used for crude rearrangement)

"/" means delete the next unit and put it on delete stack.  [NOT THE ORIGINAL JOT REARRANGE SPEC]

"@" means pop the last deleted unit back into the text, to the RIGHT of the cursor.  [NOT THE ORIGINAL JOG REARRANGE SPEC]  Note that "pop" here actually, technically means popping the deletion stack.

While typing a word, "/" means delete leftward, removing the character just typed.


=== LEVELS OF STEPPING

When you are at the Word level, spacebar steps across a word; left and right arrows step a sentence.

When you are at the Sentence level, spacebar steps across a sentence; left and right arrows step a paragraph.

When you are at the Paragraph level, spacebar steps across a paragraph; left and right arrows go to start/end of text.

THE CURSOR: when you are between units, the cursor is a solid block: one space between words, two spaces between sentences, five spaces between paragraphs.


=== CHANGING LEVELS

The RETURN key changes the level (word, sentence, paragraph, word ...). 
 (BUG: sometimes it cycles up the levels and sometimes it cycles down.)

The number of beeps tells you the current level.  1=word, 2=sentence, 3=paragraph.  ("Number of beeps" undependable-- the emulator turns the beeps into double beeps on my browser.-- SW)


=== NEW PARAGRAPH

Control-P starts a new paragraph OR splits paragraph.  (Of course. -- SW)

Control-J joins two paragraphs.


=== END OF SENTENCE

End of sentence is recognized automatically by any combination of
.?!)]}
followed by two spaces.  (Two spaces at the end of a sentence was the typists' convention before word processors, and JOT was designed before other word processors.)

    ==> QUIRK: If you type "Mr." followed by two spaces, the second space will be recognized as a sentence ending, so you should type left-arrow after the first space to go back to the beginning of the sentence.


=== === === ANALYTIC MODES (used in the technical design charts)

The main modes are [to the best of my recollection-- TN]:
 - word mode (between words)
 - sentence mode (between sentences)
 - paragraph mode (between paragraphs)
 - word midop (you are currently typing a word)
 - sentence midop (you are possibly ending a sentence)
 - sentence windup (waiting for second space after terminator sequence)


=== === === FOR THOSE WHO REALLY CARE

There is a way to actually save the data, but you must create a fictitious floppy in the fictitious second floppy drive of the Apple.  (below)


=== SOUND MODE

Control-N goes to the next sound mode.  There is 
 - one mode with 8 sounds,
 - one mode with 6 sounds,
 - one mode with 2 sounds,
 - silent mode.
Each mode is announced by playing all the active sounds.  ENJOY!


=== EXTRA FEATURES FOR POWER USERS

Control-S forces an end of sentence, e.g. if you are after a word that doesn't end with .?!  (The JOT algorithms would handle the beginning and end of this parenthesized sentence correctly as well.)

ESC is forced caps-- 1 = one letter, 2 = one word, 3 = caps lock.

+ key lets you go back to editing the end of the previous word (add or delete characters).


=== === === SAVING YOUR WORK

There is a way to actually save the data, but you must create a fictitious floppy in the fictitious second floppy drive of the emulated Apple.  

Control-S Save.   At that point it's safe to "eject" the floppy.

Control-E End.  Seems to save first.  Puts you in FORTH, where--

COPY-DISK (& press return) copies your disk to drive 2.  You need to have "created a new blank disk" in drive 2 from the "Media" menu.

NEW-DISK (& press return) creates an empty JOT disk in drive 2.  You need to have "created a new blank disk" in drive 2 from the "Media" menu.

=30=